Introduction To Migraine
WHAT IS MIGRAINE? Definition: Migraine is a neurological disorder that causes recurring headaches that are moderate to severe. The pain is often throbbing and can be accompanied by other symptoms. (TYPES) Migraine with Aura: Involves visual disturbances or other neurological symptoms before the headache starts. Migraine without Aura: The most common type, not preceded by an aura.
CAUSES OF MIGRAINE
Genetic Factors Migraines often run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Specific genes associated with migraines have been identified. Neurological Factors Abnormal brain activity, including changes in the brainstem and its interactions with the trigeminal nerve, a major pain pathway. Imbalances in brain chemicals, such as serotonin, which help regulate pain in the nervous system. Hormonal Changes Fluctuations in hormones, particularly in women, such as during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy can also trigger or worsen migraines.
Treatment & Management
MEDICATIONS Acute Treatments: NSAIDs, triptans, anti-nausea medications. Preventive Treatments: Beta-blockers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, CGRP inhibitors. NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS Lifestyle Modifications: Regular sleep, balanced diet, hydration, avoiding triggers. Therapies: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acupuncture, biofeedback.
SYMPTOMS OF MIGRAINE
Headache: Severe, throbbing pain usually on one side of the head. Aura: Visual disturbances, such as flashes of light or blind spots, and other sensory changes. Associated Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia), dizziness, fatigue.s.
Stages of Migraine Attack
Prodrome: Subtle changes a few hours or days before a migraine, such as mood swings, food cravings, and stiffness. Aura: Visual or sensory disturbances that occur before or during the headache. Headache: The main phase, lasting from 4 to 72 hours. Postdrome: After the headache, feeling drained or mildly euphoric.