Introduction to Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA): Osteoarthritis is a chronic, degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the smooth, elastic tissue that protects the ends of bones in a joint. This leads to pain, swelling, and reduced motion in the joints. Over time, the condition can cause bones to break down and form spurs, further aggravating the condition.
Causes of Osteoarthritis
Aging: The risk increases with age due to the wear and tear on joints. Joint Injury: Previous injuries can increase the risk of developing OA. Repetitive Stress: Jobs or activities that put repetitive stress on a particular joint. Genetics: Family history can contribute to the likelihood of developing OA. Obesity: Excess weight adds stress to weight-bearing joints. Bone Deformities: Some people are born with malformed joints or defective cartilage.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
Pain: Affected joints might hurt during or after movement. Stiffness: Joint stiffness might be most noticeable upon awakening or after being inactive. Tenderness: Joints might feel tender when applying light pressure. Loss of Flexibility: Reduced range of motion. Grating Sensation: Feeling a grating sensation when using the joint. Bone Spurs: Extra bits of bone, which feel like hard lumps, may form around the affected joint. Swelling: Inflammation in the joint area.
Treatment & Management
MEDICATIONS Pain Relievers: Acetaminophen, NSAIDs. Anti-Inflammatories: NSAIDs, corticosteroids. THERAPIES Physical Therapy: Strengthening muscles around the joint, increasing flexibility. Occupational Therapy: Teaching ways to perform daily tasks without adding stress to the joints. Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, regular exercise, a balanced diet. SURGICAL OPTIONS Joint Replacement: Removing damaged joint surfaces and replacing them with artificial ones. Bone Realignment: Osteotomy. Joint Fusion: Arthrodesis.
